Tuesday, June 30, 2009

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Stefano Terzi


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Revolt in Iran June 22, 2009 June 22
Liveblog
Again Filed under: iran - Tags: June 22, iran, liveblogging - giagro @ 11:49 am
18:34: The Journal Kalameh attacked by unknown

18:15: We can confirm that there will be no no mosque in the town's funeral Neda

17:03 Press conference of the son of the Shah for CNN, calls "Reforms Iran "

16:54: The demonstration in the square 7tir is not finished, as stated by Republic. Clashes continue speaking witnesses of 5000-7000 involved

16:52: The British embassy is trying to evacuate staff (via NBC)

16:48: The Iranian state television speaks of barricades by "terrorists." Continue to spread, "First case of swine fever in Iran"

Yesterday 16:29 Shah's son has participated in protests in Washington DC

16:24 Again helicopters. Stinging spray a liquid on the crowd, what has already happened in the days before

16:17: Increase the clashes, the police try to take control of outbreaks of protest

15:48: Confirmed direct testimony: the stage is collecting Shiroudi Police in riot trim

15:39: There was a meeting this morning between Shahrodi Mahmood (Justice Department), Ali Larejani, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei

15:36: The police continue attacks in the Piazza 7Tir. The protesters participating in a sit-in / torch in memory of the victims

15:32: 2000 in Laal Park police, who took control of the area

15:24: As we reported earlier, in the 50 cities' turnout would exceed 100%. Approximately 3 million cards additives. The Council "irrelevant." (Source gov. Iran)

15:21: Confirmed news agency government Iran's Khamenei will lead the Friday prayer

15:16: The offices of Etemad-e Melli attacked by unknown

15:13: Sources Iranian government: Neda member organization of Marxist

14:57: Confirmed crowds of demonstrators in Enghelab Square into play: disseminated news first case of swine flu in Iran

13:56: It Saharkhiz, high-profile reformist arrested

13:49: Clashes in the streets Ferdosi

13:45: Confirmed sit-in at different points the city. The parliament is surrounded by riot police in order. Sleep with black candles, in memory of those who are now called "the fallen of the revolution."

Comments (2) The
Sunday in Tehran - report
Filed under: iran - Tags: June 21, iran, protest, revolt - giagro

@ 10:59 am Members of the clergy involved in the protests

To begin with, the revolution now its sad symbol: Neda

The situation appeared calmer yesterday, if we can actually believe unconfirmed reports that throughout the day reported an explosion in a subway station in Tehran, which would have killed at least 80 people (which now seems to be entirely unfounded).

Protests took place throughout Iran and clashes with protesters dispersed. The University of Tehran protests continued for the fifth day in a row. There was also a silent protest outside the UN headquarters in Tehran.

It tightens the circle around Mousavi. The bulk of his high-profile collaborators were arrested. Mousavi was also subjected restrictive measures, which, however, ignore the times and conditions. Mousavi urged the population to go on strike tomorrow, Tuesday, June 23.

Five members of the family of Rafsanjani have been arrested in the morning, including among them the daughter Faezeh Hashemi, who took part in the first days of protests last week. The government justified the arrests as necessary security measures to safeguard for the safety of those arrested. At night confirmed the release of all five family members of Rafsanjani arrested in the morning.

continues the wave of arrests: the state television is about 475 arrests in one day yesterday, official sources do not lead the number up to 5,000, just for the day Sunday. The staff of Al Arabiya and the BBC have been asked to leave the country as quickly as possible.

support the protests by retailers, which invite you to prepare for a few days of shortage of stock. Participating in the protest also bus drivers.

movements and associations of Iranian Kurdistan have called a general strike.

Rafsanjani met with members of the Council during the night. He seems to have proposed the replacement of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei in the Islamic Republic.

were heard throughout the night the "Allah Akbar", now the soundtrack of the night protest.

Comments (3)
Internet in Tehran in the past week
Filed under: Iran - giagro
@ 4:14 am In 2007, Burma is detached from the Internet during the revolt of the orange. This is not a big problem for countries that have significant trade relations with foreign countries through the web, the problem for Iran is a little more complex. Iran maintains substantial trade relations with foreign countries through its use of the Internet, and a complete shutdown would probably have worsened the situation inside. Hence the interest in the resolution that Iran has taken in the past week.

A brief introduction technique: The traffic is sourced from six providers who operate at national and regional level in Iran through a gateway directly controlled by the state (hereafter DC). Through the control of DC on the Iranian government can apply filters (Youtube and Facebook are subject to frequent restrictions), and redirect traffic to throttle the access to and from the outside. None of the six providers that are in Iran can get outside without passing through DC.

What happened:



Internet went smoothly until 13:30 GMT (17 in Tehran), then it stopped. It was established around 70% of the traffic usually only 16.06. For sure, DC is involved.

not choking at random:



As we can see from the chart above, traffic through the port 80 has not undergone significant arrests, there is definitely a decrease from 13.6, much lower in proportion to the decrease of traffic (Figure 1). Another chance to

email:



from 13/06 after the intensified activities of 12/06, the email traffic to and from Iran collapses. Combined with close on video, the restriction to the size of email traffic almost completely out of the country from any kind of interactive communication to the outside.



The decrease of the traffic consists of Streaming video is awesome, the traffic is nearly zero. In contrast to what happened at the web traffic, the Iranian government seems to need to tighten more on streaming video. Leave a Comment


June 21, 2009
the eighth day of passion [Liveblog]
Filed under: iran - Tags: Sunday, June 21, iran, Liveblog - giagro @ 11:28 am



01:10: The Revolutionary Guards admit, in 50 seats more than 100% turnout

00:45: No updates found. Teheran is sung "Allah Akbar" from the rooftops. There is talk of a general strike for next Tuesday. Nothing more

18:50: Frattini: "Italy Embassy in Tehran to open the wounded"

18:44: Calls may be diverted to the embassy. Calling the same number that I called a few days earlier, instead of being put in touch with our friendly staff in Tehran, an Iranian answer me, that simply say "Alo, no Inglese." However, problems routing calls. I ask you to confirm, please try to call if you can.

[Update] Now we have responded, having heard ripetutatemente "The Number You Have Called is unavailable at the moment". We hear them, they can not hear us.

18:37: They come from multiple sources confirmed the bomb in a subway station in Tehran, which would have caused at least 80 deaths. We can not confirm 100% yet

18:31: Acts of civil disobedience. Roads occupied by protesters sitting, protests outside the headquarters of UN in Tehran

17:52: via RSF: 23 journalists and bloggers arrested since the protests

17:49: very violent but sporadic clashes between demonstrators and police in all Tehran. We have no reports of deaths or injuries.

17:18: The merchants of Tehran continue the strike for the past few days, nonostantla hard-line government.

16:56: Demonstrations all over the country, largely peaceful. Missing a photographer for Life [link Article]

16:11: In the last hours it was impossible to get in touch with the Italian embassy in Tehran. We confirmed by the Ministry (via telephone) that is actually difficult to reach the embassy. The lines do not work.

15:49: In Iranian Kurdistan all the associations on a war footing: widespread strikes and protests.

15:45: Confirmed: the bulk of the demonstrators would be arrested in the notorious Evin prison, a structure that accommodates only political prisoners.

15:42: Confirmed arrest of Rafsanjani's daughter. Hospitals speak of dozens of deaths yesterday.

14:49: A metro station Tehran was closed, the same one that was hit by a bomb. But we have not yet confirmed.

13:57: It 's almost impossible to communicate directly with the country. Internet was limited to 56k, gmail, Yahoo, YouTube and MSN are not accessible except by proxy. If we count the foreign press has left the country for at least a week, the only way to obtain continuous BBC news today will be Persia.

13:53: The good old, self-produced release

13:45: rumors of a bomb in a subway station in Tehran. We can not confirm

No event scheduled for 13:43, but people are not home. Riot control agents have ranged from Azadi sq. Imam Hossein Sq. (

13:10: The Guardian Council is deeply split: on one hand those loyal to Khamenei, on the other side of

13:00 Montazeri Ayatollah Montazeri: intimidation, violence, torture and killing of Iranians against the principles of Islam.

Leave a Comment
June 20, 2009
Saturday night, the situation
Filed under: iran - Tags: iran, revolt, Saturday, situation - giagro

20 @ 9:24 pm June, the insurgency continues

Today was planning a protest in Piazza Enghelab. Upon arrival, the protesters found the square invaded by the police in riot gear. The police shortly after he attacked and dispersed the protesters with the help of tear gas. However the city was full of demonstrators in Tehran. Khamenei, supreme leader of the country, has given orders to repress any manifestation of violence that had occurred after his now famous "sermon on Friday." (Click for full text in Italian).

Other protests took place in other parts of the country, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Mashhad, Rasht and Ahvaz. In all the cities mentioned above have been suppressed by violent means, the now notorious paramilitary assaults Baseej. Confirmed by the use of Molotov cocktails demonstrators. The clashes, in all the cities, were widespread and of incredible violence. Also confirmed attacks on sites of the Revolutionary Guard and the offices of Baseej, one was set on fire in Tehran. Confirmed the involvement of clergy in Mashhad "small" in the protests.

The state television has reported an attack on the mausoleum of Ayatollah Khomeini, by a suicide bomber. Foreign media very cautious, the news was not confirmed by any independent television. Two dead at the Mausoleum, according to state television said.

During the protests, army helicopters have not yet identified a liquid sprayed on the crowd, which seems to cause heartburn and difficulty tract.

Teheran Baseej militants set fire to a mosque that housed people riparatasi the fighting, there were no reports on any injuries and / or dead.

When the flow of demonstrators seems diminished, but still many people in the streets of Tehran. According to several sources, the wave of arrests has not yet stopped (1AM in Tehran). The media seem to agree: at least 3,000 arrests during the day. At least four dead in Tehran, but the Iranian government has not yet announced official figures.

attacks on protesters in the center of the Revolutionary Guard. Militias Baseej acted as support group. As already mentioned, Khamenei authorized the violent repression of all manifestations after Friday.

Mousavi attended the event, but could not read the speech he had prepared. He said he is ready to die and asked the nation to the general strike in the event of his arrest.

Reformists and Mousavi's high-profile supporter were arrested. It seems you want to isolate mouse from the outside world, not allowing them to communicate. However, to date, Mousavi had no trouble communicating their messages.
E 'confirmed the presence of Baseej militia in the vicinity of embassies, to intercept this traffic. Top

forced confessions on state TV, some of those arrested said they had received orders from men in Britain about how and where to act. Their confessions are transmitted seamlessly on state television.

Comments (3) in Tehran on Saturday

Filed under: Iran - giagro @ 12:13 am

Tehran, Imam sq. 21:34 From

video there are at least 3 dead, not two, rumors say that there could be even 32

19:21: A girl in serious condition, probably will not make videos in torrents

18:58 Clashes between civilians and military are rampant: Tehran involved , Rasht, Tabriz, Isfahan, Shiraz and

18:41: One dead in Loghman Hospital

17:52: Confirmed by our sources: Mouse: "I am ready to die." Set fire to the headquarters of Ahmadinejad.

17:32: Clashes very hard to Jeyhoon Street, firing into the crowd

16:21: Azadi Street is closed by the police, the protesters are locked inside.

16:11: state TV Iran is about 400 officers injured during clashes today. Iran is in chaos

15:38: It would have been the suicide bomber killed at the Shrine of Imam Khomeini, farsTV it breaks out: "the state is not involved in the attack."

15:33: The news of the bomb at the shrine of Ayatollah Khomeini was released by state television. We await confirmation from our sources

15:30: Confirmed: Azadi street in the police opened fire on a crowd

15:29: A dead man! Confirmed by our sources.

15:25: BBC Video on the shootings today

15:08: Hits firearms, stone-throwing and fire away in Azadi

14:49: Many of the access roads are blocked by the military in Tehran

14:43: Confirmed the first clashes, the demonstrators dispersed using tear gas, shots fired in the air and charged with batons by groups palamilitari

14:31: The now infamous police "plainclothed" Iran [Image]

14:13: While the Italian media are puzzled about the "mouse, Mousavi no" thousands of people are gathering in Piazza Enqelab

14 : 00: Police in riot gear in Tehran [picture today]

13:39: Nobody can figure out if the event is confirmed or not. What is even less understood this is totally irrelevant. Mousavi _not_ have control of what is happening in Tehran

13:05: Protesters began to gather in the streets (local time 15:30) 11:55

Republic is not trusted. What shall be the fifth-hand rumors, often unconfirmed and are often contradicted by the facts. We fell for us too, we apologize.

10:28: Runs a few hours this document from a source who, alas, has always been reliable until now

02:14: For some it is now possible again to send / receive SMS in Iran

Comments (2 )
June 19, 2009 in Tehran

Night Filed under: Iran - Tags: night, Tehran, translation, video - giagro @ 11:03 pm


Transcription Eng: Tomorrow is Saturday. Tomorrow is the day of destiny. Tonight the songs ("Allah Akbar") still feel stronger than the previous nights. Where is this place? Where is this place where every door is closed? Where is this place where people are calling God? Where is this place where the sound of Allah Akbar is getting stronger? Appearance every night to see if the song out loud, it gives me the shakes. It will shock even God? Where is this place where so many innocent people are incarcerated? Where is this place where no one is to our aid? Where is this place only by our silence we are sending our voices in the world? Where is this place where young people shed blood, and where people go to pray on the same blood? Where is this place where people are called tramps? Where is this place? Do you want me to say? This place is Iran, my land, as well as yours. Leave a Comment


[LIVE] Khamenei's speech to Iranian ppl on Friday 19th / Khamenei speaks to the people of Iran Friday, June 19
Filed under: iran - Tags: June 19, speech, friday, Italian, Khamenei, translation - giagro @ 2 : 00 pm

Khamenei, Supreme Leader Islamic Republic (source: AFP)

Italian translation of the speech by Khamenei held today for the Friday prayer:

Italian translation of Khamenei's speech at Friday Prayer:

# 1 link on pastebin / link at pastebin

# 2 download the file. txt / download. txt file



21:12 LIVE: The U.S. House of Representatives 405-1 has Voted to Condemn Iran's crackdown on protests ITS Following Disputed presidential elections. / The Room of the United States of America has approved (405 to 1) a resolution condemning the violent repression of protests that were sparked by the disputed presidential election

21:04: MSNBC: football players wearing the green wristband Have Been suspended / The Iranian national team players while wearing the green band were suspended

19:45: Italian newspapers: tomorrow's rally is canceled / Italian newspapers: the march tomorrow is canceled

16: 57: List of missing students / List of students where there is no news [link]

16:48: Confirmed: Mousavi invites to rally tomorrow, Despi Authorities' ban / Confirmed: Mouse Calls for expressions of tomorrow, in spite of the prohibition place by the authorities

16:43: There Will Be Unauthorized rallies tomorrow / There will be demonstrations tomorrow, unauthorized


Leave a Comment June 18, 2009
Mohsen Makhmalbaaf at the EU about Iranian presidential elections June 2009 / / Mohsen Makhmalbaaf at the EU about the 2009 Iranian presidential
Filed under: iran - Tags: docs, documents, rigged elections, iran, protest EU, rigged election - @ 11:53 pm giagro


Italian: Ladies and Gentlemen, Friday, June 12th late at night, in Tehran, the Committee of Elections has called Mr. Mousavi told him that he was elected by a majority of votes, and then he would have to his speech. A little while later, Mr. Mousavi was writing his speech by inviting the Iranian people to celebrate his victory, the military has entered into his office and reported that the green democratic revolution took place, shortly after the official Iranian television said the victory of Ahmadinejad, adding that any gathering of four or more people had integrity. Millions of people who were robbed of their vote yesterday protested in Tehran and other cities, many were killed, wounded or arrested. We are here to ask the international community not to recognize the legitimacy of these elections. The people of Iran wants the international community to wait so that he can show his true president. The Iranian people do not want nuclear weapons but peace and democracy. We ask you to listen to the Iranian people. The question before election was, the people of Iran is ready for democracy? The answer is yes. They are ready, they expressed their will through the ballot but were not heard. Recognize the legitimacy of the election of Ahmadinejad means not recognize the legitimacy of the Iranian people. We need you to support the process towards democracy in the Iranian people who want to live in peace, have a chance to drink, and to define their country as a great country in the international community. Tomorrow is too late. Leave a Comment


And the sixth day, no journalist in Tehran / And the sixth day, no more journalists in Tehran [Liveblog]
Filed under: iran - Tags: continue fighting, iran, revolt, revolt, student killed, Tehran - giagro @ 10:12 am


دنیارابگوییدچطورآنهاانتخاباتمان دزدیده اند - Tell the World How They Have Stolen Our election - Tell the world how we have been robbed of our election
18/06/2009 Tehran
Officially there are no foreign journalists in the country. Visas to the press have not been renewed. Slow Internet, cell phones do not work. It will be very difficult to get updates on the situation. Officially Tehran

18/06/2009 there is no foreign press in Iran anymore. Visa Have not Been Renewed. The internet is slow, mobile phones are not working. It will be really hard to get any update.

17:27: Council of Guardians summons all Presidential Candidates / The Council of Guardians convene all the presidential candidates

16:28: Khodro workers are on strike / The Khodro workers are on strike

15:47 New videos - ongoing rally / new video, march today

15:40 From Iran: "There are no foreigners around" / Iran, "You do not see foreigners around"

15:14 CONFIRMED: Female student Razi University of Kermanshah's dies of injuries sustained During protests A Few weeks ago. Official Counter: 32 ppl died / CONFIRMED: Student Razi University of Kermanshah dies as a result of injuries sustained during the protests of days past. We are 32 confirmed deaths

15:04 Hundreds of Thousands of People Gathered for the new protests, all wearing black clothes. / Hundreds of thousands gathered to protest the new, all dressed in black

14:58: Karroubi is at the rally / Karroubi part in the event [pic / photo]

14:54: Said Hassan Nasrullah, the leader of Lebanese Hezbollah has Expressed optimism That Iran will leave the turmoil behind the current and stand strong as an Islamic Republic / Said Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah leader expressed optimism about the possibility that Iran will exceed the current state of tension [source: the Minar tv]

14:38 BBC confirm detained reformists, former Vice-President Abtahi, Mustafa Tajzadeh and Saeed Hajjarian / The BBC confirms detainees former Vice President Abtahi, Mustafa Tajzadeh and Saeed Hajjarian

13:17: Universities are closed, no one knows When They will be open again. / À The universities are closed, no one knows when they open again

13:00 More pics from yesterday's rally / New photos of the event yesterday

12:52: Confirmed: Mouse and Khatami will attend to the rally at Planned Khomeini sq . at 4pm (Tehran time) / Confirmed: Mousavi and Khatami will participate in the protest march planned in Khomeini Square at 4pm (Tehran time) 12:34

It Seems Confirmed by a reliable source of ours, "Mohammad Askari, Security Admin of the Election Commission of the Interior Ministry, has Been Killed. "/ It seems confirmed by our reliable source," Mohammad Askari, Security Admin Electoral Commission of the Ministry of Interior, was killed "

LINKS:

PHOTOS: # 1 Tehran University (Tehran university)

# 2 arasmus @ flickr (+ rallies general)

# 3 @ bahramks googlepicasa

VIDEO: torrents (help us seeding)

DIGG U.S.

Comments (1)
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The" sermon "Khamenei 19/06/2009 Italian translation
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June 19 June 21 June 22 speech Ahmadinejad fighting continues docs documents Sunday, June 21 elections, elections rigged elections friday Italian Khamenei iran Liveblog liveblogging Mousavi Mousavi night in protest protests EU revolt rigged election riots situation facing student killed Saturday teheran tehran translation translation twitter video
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Wednesday, June 24, 2009

Listerine On Folliculitis

Why I'm bad I would not even mom and dad, good guys good propio

Stefano Terzi


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Revolt in Iran June 18, 2009
And the sixth day, no journalist in Tehran / And the sixth day, no more journalists in Tehran [Liveblog]
Filed Under : iran - Tags: fighting continues, Iran, revolt, revolt, student killed, Tehran - giagro @ 10:12 am


دنیارابگوییدچطورآنهاانتخاباتمان دزدیده اند - Tell the World How They Have Stolen Our election - Tell the world how we have been robbed of our election

18/06/2009 Tehran Officially there are no foreign journalists in the country. Visas to the press have not been renewed. Slow Internet, cell phones do not work. It will be very difficult to get updates on the situation. 18/06/2009 Tehran

Officially there is no foreign press in Iran anymore. Visa Have not Been Renewed. The internet is slow, mobile phones are not working. It will be really hard to get any update.

17:27: Council of Guardians summons all Presidential Candidates / The Council of Guardians convene all the presidential candidates

16:28: Khodro workers are on strike / workers of the Khodro are on strike

15:47 New videos - ongoing rally / new video, march today

15:40 From Iran: "There are no foreigners around" / Iran, "You do not see foreigners around"

15:14 CONFIRMED: Female student Razi University of Kermanshah's dies of injuries sustained protests During A Few weeks ago. Official Counter: 32 ppl died / CONFIRMED: Student Razi University of Kermanshah dies as a result of injuries sustained during the protests of days past. We are 32 confirmed deaths

15:04 Hundreds of Thousands of People Gathered for the new protests, all wearing black clothes. / Hundreds of thousands gathered for the new protests, all dressed in black

14:58: Karroubi is at the rally / Karroubi part in the event [pic / photo]

14:54: Said Hassan Nasrullah, the leader of Lebanese Hezbollah has the Expressed optimism That Iran will leave the current turmoil behind and stand strong as an Islamic Republic / Said Hassan Nasrallah, the Hizbollah leader, has expressed optimism about the possibility that Iran will exceed the current state of tension [source: the Minar tv]

14:38 BBC confirm reformists detained, former Vice-President Abtahi, Mustafa Tajzadeh and Saeed Hajjarian / The BBC confirms the former Vice President Abtahi detainees, Mustafa Tajzadeh and Saeed Hajjarian

13:17: Universities are closed, no one knows When They will be open again. / À The universities are closed, no one knows when they open again

13:00 More pics from yesterday's rally / New photos of the event yesterday

12:52: Confirmed: Mouse and Khatami will attend to the rally at Planned Khomeini sq . at 4pm (Tehran time) / Confirmed: Mousavi and Khatami will participate in the protest march planned in Khomeini Square at 4pm (Tehran time) 12:34

It Seems Confirmed by a reliable source of ours, "Mohammad Askari, Security Admin of the Election Commission of the Interior Ministry, Has Been Killed. "/ It seems confirmed by our reliable source," Mohammad Askari, Security Admin of the Electoral Commission of the Ministry of Interior, was killed "

LINKS:

PHOTOS: # 1 Tehran University (Tehran university)

arasmus # 2 @ flickr (+ rallies general)

# 3 @ bahramks googlepicasa

VIDEO: torrents (help us seeding)

DIGG U.S.

Comments (1)
June 17, 2009
Tehran, fifth day - Liveblogging
Filed under: iran - Tags: Ahmadinejad, elections, elections, iran, Liveblog, Mousavi , riots, revolt - giagro @ 9:35 am
"
Khomeini landed at Tehran during the revolution of 1979 / lands Khomeini in Tehran During 1979 revolution [source: wikipedia
19:30: LINK: The document shown at EU Parliament Which Could possibly confirm rigged election / The document shown to the European Parliament that would demonstrate the existence of fraud [click to see the document]

14: 41: Berlin: Iranian Vote Was Rigged / / Berlin: Iran's irregular voting [Confirmed]

14:11: The players of Iranians have showy green wrist bands / / Iranian football players wearing green wristbands huge

13:48: weird rumors / / strange entries

13:12: Despite the restrictive measures still the ceaseless stream of video from Iran / Besides constraining Measures videos Keeps flowing from Iran

12:56: Pics of pro-Ahmadinejad rally looks shopped / photos of the event pro-Ahmadinejad seems touched [link]

11:38: Iran Revolutionary Guards warn online media / The Revolutionary Guards warned the media online [link]

11:31: Confirmed the presence of Islamic militias in attacks on university / / Confirmed "Participation of the Islamic militia to attack universities to

Leave a Comment
Tehran Buongiorno / Good Morning Tehran
Filed under: Uncategorized - giagro @ 4: 39 am

source: boston.com

Leave a Comment
Journalists Forced to leave Iran
Filed under: iran - Tags: Ahmadinejad elections, elections, iran, mouse, press, riots, revolt - giagro @ 12:10 am at the University of Tehran

Blood / Blood at Tehran University

06:33: We worked all night to upload the torrent / We Worked all night long to upload torrents

02:09: Confirmed: the foreign press must leave the country / Confirmed: Foreign press must leave Iran [ABC NEWS source]

Leave a Comment
June 16, 2009
Video: Student killed Isfahan / Student Murdered in Isfahan-liveblogging continue here in Isfahan
Filed under: iran - Tags: elections, elections, iran, riots, rebellion, tehran - giagro @ 8:47 Murdered pm
STUDENT LINKS: Rapidshare link



Host # 1 Host # 2



POLICE VIOLENCE IN TEHRAN:

Megaupload link

01:56: Pics @ University of Tehran, police brutality / Photo @ University of Tehran, police brutality

01:47: Police Violence in Tehran / Police Violence in Tehran LOOK ABOVE LINK FOR DOWNLOAD / WATCH THE ABOVE LINK TO DOWNLOAD

01:32: Confirmed: Basij at the University of Tehran, several deaths, many arrests among students / Confirmed: raiding Tehran University Basij, Several casualties, many students Arrested [source: direct anonymous / source: firsthand anonymous]

01:14: Video footage: Injuried ppl in Esfehan / Witness Video: Protesters injured Esfehan

01:00: Pics from Esfehan / Photo Esfehan

00:54: Violence Basij in private homes / Basij violence in private buildings

00:37: The network continues to mobilize protests in other countries site / Internet Keeps taking part in the action, website about the rally taking place abroad

00:34: Confirmed: 5PM hour protest march in Tehran 7tir sq. / Confirmed: rally, 5pm (iran timezone), 7tir sq.

00:29: They continue to spread to provide proxy statements to the Iranian Internet / Instructions about how to set to proxy to help iranian ppl keep spreading [ENG]

00:23: thepiratebay.org turns green! / Thepiratebay.org turns into green

Midnight: Twitter up and running

23:57: police raid in the dormitories of Tehran University, there is talk of 200 arrests. / Police raiding Tehran University dorms. About 200 students Arrested

23:05 Confirmed: The University of Tabriz remove the exams / Confirmed: Tabriz University canceled exam sessions

23:00 Despite the appeal of the U.S. State Department, twitter is down for maintenance for 1h / Despi U.S. Dep of State appeal, twitter is under maintenance
23:00
not only the capital alone. Irancell is unusable in Tabriz, and Tehran to work intermittently / Not just isolated Tehran. Irancell (Iranian mobile carrier) Is Turned off in Tabriz, while barely reliable in Tehran.

22:45: Unconfirmed: More than 30 people dead yesterday. Unconfirmed: More than 30 dead ppl yesterday. Leave a Comment


A new day in Tehran - liveblogging
Filed under: iran - Tags: Ahmadinejad, elections, iran, mouse, revolt, twitter - @ 12:53 am giagro

night of protests in Tehran

continue the protests in Tehran, the news coming from the country intermittently. It 's very difficult to verify. The Internet works in fits and starts, convulsive scenarios still in the streets at dawn. A master is by paramilitary troops it that we have already seen in the videos and photos, who yesterday toured the world. It 's impossible to count the dead and arrested. In a country where many journalists have been removed, sealed offices of newspapers, material of foreign reporters seized, where it is impossible to communicate via telephone, the Internet has become the only means to communicate. The coverage of the events is totally entrusted to Twitter, which has delayed the maintenance that should have taken place at this time.

21:09: Video assassination student Isfahan. Caution, contents very strong. For those who do not want to spend from rapidshare video is also available here

20:56: human rights activists, mostly professionals in law, were arrested

20:50: Many arrested were transported to Evin prison policy. Police deployed outside the jail.

20:10: foreign journalists detained and beaten. The testimony of a Canadian.

19:45: The BBC website is green, in support of the protests in Tehran. The U.S. State Department calls on twitter to prolong the start maintaining

19:35: Testimonies video of what is happening in Iran: http://nokh.be/

19:07: Photo gallery of what is happening Iran: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fhashemi/

15:34: Foreign journalists are still confined to the hotels. It makes you feel the son of the Shah

14:30: Cyberguerriglia: the network is full of guides, with somewhere to attacks on the websites of the Iranian government. They are also widely used guides to help the dissidents to be able to blend in and escape the grip of Iranian authorities.

13:07: suspend for a couple of hours.

13:04: spokesman min.int also arrested. Iran.

12:52: Continue to chase rumors of actual data disseminated by an officer at the Interior Ministry. Ahmadinejad has lost the election. Unconfirmed.

12:47: The foreign press is prohibited from participating in unauthorized demonstrations and resume. Confirmed the arrest of Ali Abtahi. Are not confirmed entries for opening the repetition of the election by the Council of Guardians.

12:40: Iranian sources confirmed 11 deaths in a hospital in northern Tehran. These eleven deaths would be added to the seven already reported by the international press.

12:29: Esfehan and held demonstrations in Tabriz 5PM local. Supporters march in Tehran confirmed Mousavi, who are marching at the same time supporter of Ahmadinejad. Unconfirmed: civil servants were "invited" to attend the event pro-Ahmadinejad

12:21: Though we are all focused on Tehran, the clashes spread to Isfahan, Bandar Abbas, Ahvaz, Mashhad, Tabriz. It would count the dead in these cities. Many students were arrested, the families follow their fate in a few hours.

12:06: Mouse refuses to count the votes again. Calls for new elections.

12:03 2 students confirmed dead in Shiraz on Sunday night. Also confirmed the resignation of the dean of the University of Shiraz.

11:58: Police in Tehran is seized satellite dishes, the only way left to connect to the internet without filters.

11:51: The Washington Post spreads surveys produced by NGOs American, which show the wide support that would enjoy Ahmadinejad. The polls were conducted between 11 and 20 May, the relationship between the two candidates is 2:1, higher than that then occurred during the election.
11:24: quiet morning in Tehran. 5PM premises shall remain open for an event by Mousavi. During the same hours is expected to decrease in road supporters of Ahmadinejad, feared violence. The official died yesterday talking about seven people who died from gunshot wounds. It 's impossible to give an accurate estimate, the hospitals are full of Tehran and Esfahan of people injured during demonstrations. The Guardian Council says it is ready to recount the votes, there is a widespread belief that many of the cards have been destroyed by supporters of Ahmadinejad.

03:03: The death of students in clashes with security forces in Iran. At least 12 according to the Guardian [here].

02:50: Twitter refers to the maintenance, because of the importance of networks in the events taking place in Iran chestanno [press here]

Leave a Comment
June 15, 2009
Chaos in Iran: Liveblogging
Filed under: iran - Tags: Ahmadinejad, elections, iran, revolt - giagro @ 5:04 pm


Huge crowd in Teheran (source Corriere.it)

They run at this time the most diverse news from Iran. Poor coverage by traditional media in part because of the restrictive measures taken by the Government of the Islamic Republic. A huge crowd (1 to 2 million [source BBC]) expressed its disagreement in Tehran, the event is not allowed, the police are authorized to shoot [source BBC]. From here until late in liveblogging




01:33 Tehran does not sleep. Paramilitary and police on the streets, they feel shock of gunfire. The people took refuge in the house. We update tomorrow. Goodnight

01:15: Twitter does not have the power to defer maintenance. "Update (2:03 p): Unfortunately the timing of this maintenance period is not as Within Our Control Our provider needs to Perform These network upgrades. We apologize for the outage and hope to be back from the maintenance as Quickly as Our host can Perform the work. "

01:03: Great moves toward the prison of Evin. The Evin prison is the prison of choice for the detention of political dissidents. To be clear is the prison where he was held Roxana Saberi. Many of the arrested students and opposition members were transferred to the detention facility.

00:57: Photos from the protest today [via Flickr]

00:51: Obama speaks: "" We Do not Want To Make Any Decisions for the Iranian people, But the peoples voices heard and Should Be Respected "

00:45: Another video of wounded from gunshot

00:40: E ' a real massacre. Via boston.com a collection of photos [attention, strong content]

00:30: They run strange voices. Truck governments would pick up the ballot boxes containing the votes. Who knows what will happen.

00:00: Police shoot. Are some common video: # 1 [a girl hit by gunfire] # 2 [a police officer shot in the air]. Twitter will be down for maintenance tonight: big problem, the news comes practically only from there. Many people ask to postpone it.

23:50: Sorry for the absence. It 's impossible to get in touch with the capital. Phones, as three days or so, are unattainable. The phones work intermittently. Internet is heavily filtered, it is impossible to reach the most popular social networking, even though many Europeans offer proxy and VPN to overcome the obstacle. Rumors speak of seven deaths during the event (not confirmed), fighting continues despite much of the demonstrators did not sleep for three days now. The situation is serious, no one seems to have taken seriously the message of Khatami, who has indicated in the afternoon his intention to recount the votes.

19:30: They keep the cyber attacks to the institutional sites of the Iranian government. ahmadinejad.ir not be reached for several hours on twitter.com coordinate protests and attacks. We will return to update you in a few hours, trying to take stock of the situation.

19:15: Baseej, a paramilitary group of volunteers would be panic among the crowd, firing into the crowd. It says at least four deaths (unconfirmed), and several wounded. Plainclothes police continue to scour the crowd on board enduro, armed with iron pipes.

19:00: Repubblica.it confirmed what was rumored to twitter.com from a couple of hours. There was one death among the demonstrators. The clashes widen. Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran, says it wants to recount the votes, perhaps to calm the square [source corriere.it]. Moussavi, an opposition leader, was present at the event, after they had chased rumors about her absence and on his arrest. Leave a Comment


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Help us Improve Wikipedia by supporting it financially.Referendum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For referendums initiated through citizen petitions, see initiative.

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A referendum (plural referendums or referenda), ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. The referendum or plebiscite is a form of direct democracy ideally favouring the majority. In the U.S. these are typically known as ballot or citizen initiatives when originated from the general population and referendums when legislative propositions are referred to the voting population.

Contents [hide]
1 Terminology
2 Procedure and status
3 Referendums by country
3.1 Australia
3.2 Canada
3.3 Chile
3.4 Costa Rica
3.5 Denmark
3.6 Iraq
3.7 Republic of Ireland
3.8 Italy
3.9 Netherlands
3.10 New Zealand
3.11 Romania
3.12 Serbia
3.13 Singapore
3.14 Sweden
3.15 Switzerland
3.16 United Kingdom
3.17 United States
3.18 Uruguay
3.19 Other countries
4 Multiple-choice referendums
5 United Nations
6 Criticisms
6.1 Criticism of populist aspect
6.2 Patten's criticism
6.3 Never-end-um
6.4 Closed questions and the separability problem
6.5 Undue limitations on regular government power
7 Sources
8 See also
8.1 Specific referendums
9 References



[edit] Terminology
Referendums and referenda are both commonly used as plurals of the referendum factor. However, the use of referenda is deprecated by the Oxford English Dictionary which advises that:

"Referendums is logically preferable as a plural form meaning ballots on one issue (as a Latin gerundive, referendum has no plural). The Latin plural gerundive referenda, meaning things to be referred, necessarily connotes a plurality of issues."

[edit] Procedure and status
In a first classification by necessity, a referendum may be mandatory, that is, the law (usually the constitution) directs authorities to holding referendums on specific matters (such is the case in amending most constitutions, or impeaching heads of state as well as ratifying international treaties) and are usually binding. A referendum can also be facultative, that is it can be initiated at the will of a public authority (President of the Republic in France and Romania or the Government/Parliament in Greece or Spain) or at the will of the citizens (a petition). It can be binding or non-binding.

A foundational referendum or plebiscite may be drafted by a constituent assembly before being put to voters. In other circumstances a referendum is usually initiated either by a legislature or by citizens themselves by means of a petition. The process of initiating a referendum by petition is known as the popular or citizen's initiative. In the United States the term referendum is often reserved for a direct vote initiated by a legislature while a vote originating in a petition of citizens is referred to as an "initiative", "ballot measure" or "proposition."

In countries in which a referendum must be initiated by parliament it is sometimes mandatory to hold a binding referendum on certain proposals, such as constitutional amendments. In countries, such as the United Kingdom, in which referendums are neither mandatory nor binding there may, nonetheless, exist an unwritten convention that certain important constitutional changes will be put to a referendum and that the result will be respected.

By nature of their effects, referendums may be either binding or non-binding. A non-binding referendum is merely consultative or advisory. It is left to the government or legislature to interpret the results of a non-binding referendum and it may even choose to ignore them. This is particularly the case in states which follow Westminster conventions of parliamentary sovereignty. In New Zealand, for example, citizen-initiated referendum (CIR) questions are broad statements of intent, not detailed laws. Following a referendum vote, parliament itself has the sole power to draft, debate and pass enabling legislation if it so chooses, and thus far, New Zealand governments have chosen to ignore completely two of the three proposals which have succeeded in forcing a vote since the CIR device was created in 1993. The third, a series of proposals about criminal justice, prompted some minor reforms only; it too was largely ignored. Matt Qvortrup in his 'Supply-side Politics' (Centre for Policy Studies 2007) argues that this led to a disuse of the New Zealand device. While three petitions were launched in 2007, there was only one in 2004 and 2005, and none in 2006 and 2008 thus far. None of these have yet achieved the necessary signature target to force a vote. However, according to the New Zealand Election Study [1], 77 percent of voters believe that the citizen initiated referendum make the politicians more accountable. Trust in politicians has grown by almost 20 percent since the introduction of the device, although that can be more plausibly attributed to the change in electoral system that occurred at the same time.

In most referendums it is sufficient for a measure to be approved by a simple majority of voters in order for it to be carried. However, a referendum may also require the support of a super-majority, such as two-thirds of votes cast. In Lithuania certain proposals must be endorsed by a three-quarters majority (among them, any proposal to amend article 148 of the Lithuanian Constitution, which states, "Lithuania is an independent and democratic republic").

In some countries, including Italy, there is also a requirement that there be a certain minimum turn-out of the electorate in order for the result of a referendum to be considered valid. This is intended to ensure that the result is representative of the will of the electorate and is analogous to the quorum required in a committee or legislature.

The franchise in a referendum is not necessarily the same as that for elections. For example, in Ireland only citizens may vote in a constitutional referendum, whereas citizens of the United Kingdom are also entitled to vote in general elections.[2]


[edit] Referendums by country

[edit] Australia
Main article: Referendums in Australia
Approval in a referendum is necessary in order to amend the Australian constitution. A bill must first be passed by both houses of Parliament or, in certain limited circumstances, by only one house of Parliament, and is then submitted to a referendum. If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states, (and where appropriate a majority of people in any affected state) vote in favour of the amendment, it is presented for Royal Assent, given in the Queen's name by the Governor-General. Due to the specific mention of referendums in the Australian constitution, non-constitutional referendums are usually termed plebiscites in Australia.


[edit] Canada
Main article: Referendums in Canada
Referendums are rare in Canada and only three have ever occurred at the federal level. The most recent was a referendum in 1992 on a package of proposed constitutional measures known as the Charlottetown Accord. Although the Constitution of Canada does not expressly require that amendments be approved by referendum, some argue that, in light of the precedent set by the Charlottetown Accord referendum, this may have become a constitutional convention.

Referendums can also occur at the provincial level. The 1980 and 1995 referendums on the secession of Québec are notable cases. In conjunction with the provincial election in 2007, the province of Ontario voted on a mixed-member proportional representation electoral system and British Columbia held two consecutive referendums on BC-STV in 2005 and 2009.


[edit] Chile
There have been three plebiscites and one "consultation" in Chilean history. In 1925, a plebiscite was held over a new constitution which would replace a semi-parliamentary system with a presidential one. The "Yes" vote won overwhelmingly, with 95% of the vote. In 1978, after the United Nations protested against Pinochet's régime, the country's military government held a national consultation which asked if people supported Pinochet's rule. The "Yes" vote won with 74%, although the results have been questioned. Another constitutional plebiscite was held in 1980. The "Yes" won with 68.5%, prolonging Pinochet's term until 1989 and replacing the 1925 Constitution with a new one still used today. The results of this plebiscite have also been questioned by Pinochet's opponents. In a historical plebiscite held in 1988, 56% voted to end the military régime. The next year, yet another plebiscite was held for constitutional changes for the transition to a democratic government (the "Yes" vote won with 91%). There have been several referendums in individual municipalities in Chile since the return to civilian rule in 1990. A referendum which took place on 2006 in Las Condes over the construction of a mall was noteworthy for being the first instance in Chilean history where electronic voting machines were used.


[edit] Costa Rica
October 7th, 2007 the first referendum held in Costa Rica was to approve or reject a free trade agreement with Central America, Dominican Republic (Costa Rica already has FTAs with the latter) and the United States known as DR-CAFTA, it was approved by a minimum number of votes (49.030 votes). Results were 51.62% voted in favour and 48.38% against it. It is currently the only FTA in the world that has been approved on a referendum.


[edit] Denmark
In Denmark referendums usually happen every time new treaties of the European Union have to be approved. 1/6 of the parliamentary members can force a referendum in certain cases, 1/3 in all cases. As Denmark has a multi party system, this can and has actually happened. However it has been the norm to hold a referendum with every new EU treaty, even when a 5/6 majority can be found. Recently, the Danish government was highly criticized when it did not hold a referendum regarding the Lisbon treaty.

The present location of the border to Germany was determined by a referendum in 1920 after the German capitulation. See Schleswig.


[edit] Iraq
Main articles: Constitution of Iraq and Kirkuk status referendum, 2007
The current Constitution of Iraq was approved by referendum on 15 October 2005, two years after the United States-led invasion. The constitution was designed to shift crucial decisions about government, the judiciary and human rights to a future national assembly. It was later modified to provide for the establishment of a committee by the parliament to be elected in December 2005 to consider changes to the constitution in 2006.


[edit] Republic of Ireland
Main article: Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland
The current Constitution of Ireland was adopted by plebiscite on 1 July 1937. In the Republic of Ireland every constitutional amendment must be approved by referendum; 28 constitutional referendums have occurred since 1937.[3] Constitutional amendments are first adopted by both Houses of the Oireachtas (parliament), submitted to a referendum, and are signed into law by the President. The role of the president, however, is merely ceremonial: she cannot refuse to sign into law an amendment that has been approved in a referendum. The constitution also provides for a referendum on an ordinary law, known as an 'ordinary referendum'. Such a referendum can only take place under special circumstances, and none have yet occurred. The closest referendum result was 1995's vote to legalise divorce - 50.3% voted "Yes" (to legalise divorce) and 49.7% voted "No."


[edit] Italy
Main article: Referendum in Italy
The constitution of Italy provides for two kinds of binding referendum: A legislative referendum can be called in order to abrogate totally or partially a law, but only at the request of 500,000 electors or five regional councils. This kind of referendum is valid only if at least a majority of electors goes to the polling station. It is forbidden to call a referendum regarding financial laws or laws relating to pardons or the ratification of international treaties. A constitutional referendum can be called in order to approve a constitutional law or amendment only when it has been approved by the Chambers (Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic) with a majority of less than two thirds in both or either Chamber, and only at the request of one fifth of the members of either Chamber, or 500,000 electors or five regional councils. A constitutional referendum is valid no matter how many electors go to the polling station. Any citizen entitled to vote in an election to the Chamber of Deputies may participate in a referendum.


[edit] Netherlands
In principle, national referendums in the Netherlands are not possible by law. However, from 2002 until 2005, there was a Temporary Referendum Law in place which allowed for non-binding referendums, known in Dutch as Volksraadpleging (literally: People's Consultation), to be organised for laws already approved by the House of Representatives. No referendums were called based on this law. In order to hold the 2005 referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, a different law was temporarily put in place. That referendum was the first national referendum in the Netherlands in 200 years and it was the result of an initiative proposal by parliamentarians Farah Karimi (Greens), Niesco Dubbelboer (Labour) and Boris van der Ham (Democrats).


[edit] New Zealand
Main article: Referendums in New Zealand
New Zealand has two types of referendum. Government referendum are predominantly either on constitutional issues or on alcohol policy (although this has been phased out). There are referendums on other issues however. Furthermore, constitutional issues, such as the establishment of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, need not be done through referendum. New Zealand also has provisions for Citizens' Initiated Referendum, although these are non-binding. The incoming Prime Minister, John Key, has said he will work to raise the number of times referendums are used.


[edit] Romania
Under the Romanian Constitution of 1991, revised in 2003, there are three situations in which referendums can be held. Art 90 of the constitution establishes a facultative and non-binding referendum which the President can initiate on matters of principle. Art 95 of the Constitution establishes a mandatory and binding referendum for the impeachment of the President in case he is deemed guilty of disobeying the Constitution. Art 151 of the Constitution also establishes a mandatory and binding referendum on approving Constitutional amendments. This last provision has been used twice, in adopting the Romanian Constitution in 1991 and amending it 2003.


[edit] Serbia
Main article: Serbian constitutional referendum, 2006
The Constitution of the Republic of Serbia was adopted on a referendum held in 28-29 October 2006. The constitutional referendum passed with 3,521,724 voting a 53.04% majority. 3,645,517 or 54.91% voted on the referendum, which made it legitimate.


[edit] Singapore
According to the Constitution of Singapore, a referendum can be held in a few circumstances, including situations when a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament is rejected by the President, or when the nation's sovereignty needs to be decided (i.e. merger or incorporation into other countries). There is only one referendum in Singapore to date, which is the 1962 national referendum, deciding on the merger of Singapore into Malaysia. Singapore eventually left Malaysia and declared independence on 9 August 1965.


[edit] Sweden
Main article: Referendums in Sweden
The Constitution of Sweden provides for both binding and non-binding referendums.[citation needed] Since the introduction of parliamentary democracy six referendums have been held in Sweden: the first was on prohibition in 1922 and the most recent on euro membership in 2003. All have been non-binding, consultative referendums. Two, in 1957 and 1980, were multiple choice referendums.


[edit] Switzerland
In Switzerland, there are binding referendums at federal, cantonal and municipal level. They are a central feature of Swiss political life. It is not the government's choice whether or when a referendum is held, but it is a legal procedure regulated by the Swiss constitution. There are two types of referendums:

Facultative referendum: Any federal law, certain other federal resolutions, and international treaties that are either perpetual and irredeemable, joinings of an international organization, or that change Swiss law may be subject to a facultative referendum if at least 50,000 people or eight cantons have petitioned to do so within 100 days. In cantons and municipalities, the required number of people is smaller, and there may be additional causes for a facultative referendum, e.g., expenditures that exceed a certain amount of money. The facultative referendum is the most usual type of referendum, and it is mostly carried out by political parties or by interest groups.
Obligatory referendum: There must be a referendum on any amendments to the constitution and on any joining of a multinational community or organization for collective security. In many municipalities, expenditures that exceed a certain amount of money also are subject to the obligatory referendum. Constitutional amendments are either proposed by the parliament or the cantons, or they may be proposed by citizens' initiatives, which—on the federal level—need to collect 100,000 valid signatures within 18 months, and must not contradict international laws or treaties. Often, parliament elaborates a counter-proposal to an initiative, leading to a multiple-choice referendum. Very few such initiatives pass the vote, but more often, the parliamentary counter proposal is approved.
The possibility of facultative referendums forces the parliament to search for a compromise between the major interest groups. In many cases, the mere threat of a facultative referendum or of an initiative is enough to make the parliament adjust a law.

The referendums are said, by their adversaries, to slow politics down. On the other hand empirical scientists, e.g. Bruno S. Frey among many, show that this and other instruments of citizens' participation, direct democracy, contribute to stability and happiness.

The votes on referendums are always held on a Sunday, typically three or four times a year, and in most cases, the votes concern several referendums at the same time, often at different political levels (federal, cantonal, municipal). Elections are as well often combined with referendums. The percentage of voters is around 40 to 50 percent unless there is an election. The decisions made in referendums tend to be conservative. Citizens' initiatives are usually not passed. The federal rule and referendums have been used in Switzerland since 1848.


[edit] United Kingdom
Main article: Referendums in the United Kingdom Referendums are rare and the only referendum proposal to be put to the entire UK electorate was in 1975 on continued membership of the European Economic Community. Referendums have been held in individual parts of the United Kingdom on issues relating to devolution in Scotland and Wales, a regional assembly for the North-East of England, and two separate polls on the status of Northern Ireland; but since 1973, when the first one was held, only eight major referendums have been conducted. [4] In 2004, the UK Government committed to holding a UK-wide referendum on the new EU Constitution, but this was postponed in 2005 due to the rejection of the European Constitution in Ireland and also due to the rewording of the Lisbon Treaty following that, the Labour government claimed that it was no longer a European Constitution, so did not merit a referendum. Referendums have also been proposed, but not held, on the plan to adopt the Euro as the UK's currency and whether to change from the 'First Past the Post' system to an alternative electoral system, such as proportional representation. The Scottish Government, of which the Scottish National Party controls, wishes to hold a referendum on Scottish Independence in 2010; although since they are a minority government it remains unclear whether that will happen.

There have also been referendums held at the local level on proposals for directly elected local mayors. The 1972 Local Government Act also contains a little-used provision which allows non-binding local referendums on any issue to be called by small groups of voters. Strathclyde Regional Council held a postal referendum in 1994 on whether control of water and sewerage services should be transferred to appointed boards: this was largely a political tactic, since this was the policy of the UK Government at the time. The UK Parliament enacted the legislation anyway, and it came into force on 1 April 1996.


[edit] United States
In the United States, the term "referendum" typically refers to a popular vote originated in the legislative branch of the government to overturn legislation already passed at the state or local levels (mainly in the western United States). In industrial cities and regions, it refers to internal, union organization in terms of electing delegates or approving a collective bargaining agreement. By contrast, "initiatives" and "legislative referrals" consist of newly drafted legislation submitted directly to a popular vote as an alternative to adoption by a legislature. Collectively, referendums and initiatives in the United States are commonly referred to as ballot measures, initiatives, or propositions.

There is no provision for the holding of referendums at the federal level in the United States; indeed, there is no national electorate of any kind. However, the constitutions of 24 states (principally in the West) and many local and city governments provide for referendums and citizen's initiatives. The most famous U.S. state initiatives are probably California's Proposition 13, which severely limited property taxes, and the Massachusetts equivalent from 1980, Proposition 2½, which severely limited income tax increases. They are especially popular in modifying state constitutions.


[edit] Uruguay
Main article: Politics of Uruguay
The Uruguayan constitution allows citizens to challenge laws approved by Parliament by use of a referendum or to propose changes to the Constitution by the use of a plebiscite. This right has been used a few times in the past 15 years: to confirm an amnesty to members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (1973-1985), to stop privatization of public utilities companies, to defend pensioners' incomes, and to protect water resources.


[edit] Other countries
Brazil: In October 2005, 122 million voters decided to continue to allow the sale of firearms in Brazil. This referendum was offered by the government as part of a violence minimization initiative known as project disarmament.
Croatia held an independence referendum in May, 1991, with a turnout of 80%, of which 93% of the voters opted for independence.
Eritrea: In April 1993 nearly 1 million voters (a quarter of the population), cast ballots to become "sovereign and independent" of Ethiopia. This vote was the result of thirty years of war by Eritreans during their War of Independence. The result was a vote for independence by 99.8% of the voters.
France: In France a constitutional amendment must be approved by either a super-majority in parliament or by the people in a referendum.
'Kashmir' (a state within the territory of British India): The Security Council of United Nations on the complaint of Government of India concerning the dispute over the State of Jammu and Kashmir passed resolution 47(1948), “that both India and Pakistan desire that the question of the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India or Pakistan should be decided through the democratic method of a free and impartial plebiscite”. It recommended to the Governments of India and Pakistan to restore peace and order in Jammu and Kashmir and provide full freedom to all subjects of the state, to vote on the question of accession.
Puerto Rico: Three Puerto Rican status referendums (in 1967, 1993, and 1998) have taken place in Puerto Rico to determine whether the insular area should become an independent nation (comprising a republic and an associated republic), apply for statehood, or maintain commonwealth (Estado Libre Asociado) states. Remaining a commonwealth has been the result of all three referendums. There was also a 2005 referendum (Resolution 64) to determine whether the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico should legislature should be restructed (among other changes become unicameral).
Singapore: On 1 September 1962 a referendum was held to put the proposal for Singapore to merge with Malaya to a direct vote by the citizens. There were three choices: 1) To merge with Malaya, having autonomy in labour and education; 2) To merge with Malaya, having same status as the other states in Malaya; 3) To merge with Malaya, having terms similar to those of the Borneo territories. No objection to merger was to be made however.
Spain: In 1976 a referendum was held to determine if citizens wanted to change the political system (i.e., the dictatorship) or not to change it, after the death of Francisco Franco. Spaniards chose (94%) to change ("Referéndum para la reforma política", literally «Referendum for political reformation»). Also, in 1986 another referendum approved Spain's membership to NATO.
Venezuela: The 1999 constitution, created by the Chavez government, and approved by referendum, brought in the concept of requiring referendums for constitutional changes, as well as providing for recall referendums of elected officials (which require petitions of a minimum percentage of voters to be submitted). In the Venezuelan recall referendum of 2004 voters determined whether or not Hugo Chávez, the current President of Venezuela, should be recalled from office. The result of the referendum was to not recall Chávez.
Thailand: On 4 September 2008 amidst hundreds of thousands of protesters demanding the government resign,Thailand's premier Samak Sundaravej's government approved the idea of a referendum to ask the Thai electorate if it wanted to keep the government or not. The plebiscite was viewed as not likely to be held because it was certain to unfairly legitimize the government's standing and policies.

[edit] Multiple-choice referendums
A referendum usually offers the electorate only two choices, either to accept or reject a proposal, but this need not necessarily be the case. In Switzerland, for example, multiple choice referendums are common; two multiple choice referendums held in Sweden, in 1957 and 1980, offered voters a choice of three options; and in 1977 a referendum held in Australia to determine a new national anthem was held in which voters were presented with four choices.

A multiple choice referendum poses the problem of how the result is to be determined if no single option receives the support of an absolute majority (i.e., more than half) of voters. This can be resolved by applying voting systems designed for single winner elections to a multiple-choice referendum.

Swiss referendums get around this problem by offering a separate vote on each of the multiple options as well as an additional decision about which of the multiple options should be preferred. In the Swedish case, in both referendums the 'winning' option was chosen by the Single Member Plurality ("first past the post") system. In other words the winning option was deemed to be that supported by a plurality, rather than an absolute majority, of voters. In the 1977 Australian referendum the winner was chosen by the system of instant-runoff voting.


[edit] United Nations
Eleanor Roosevelt et al. wrote after the Nazi- Holocaust, WWII a Human Rights Declaration, passed into Law 10.12.1948, where Direct Democracy (Referendum) is part of. See: Article 21: "1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives."


[edit] Criticisms
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009)

Although some advocates of direct democracy would have the referendum become the dominant institution of government, in practice and in principle, in almost all cases, the referendum exists solely as a complement to the system of representative democracy, in which most major decisions are made by an elected legislature. An often cited exception is the Swiss canton of Glarus, in which meetings are held on the village lawn to decide on matters of public concern. In most jurisdictions that practice them, referendums are relatively rare occurrences and are restricted to important issues.

Advocates of the referendum argue that certain decisions are best taken out of the hands of representatives and determined directly by the people. Some adopt a strict definition of democracy, saying elected parliaments are a necessary expedient to make governance possible in the large, modern nation-state, though direct democracy is nonetheless preferable and the referendum takes precedence over Parliamentary decisions.

Other advocates insist that the principle of popular sovereignty demands that certain foundational questions, such as the adoption or amendment of a constitution, the secession of a state or the altering of national boundaries, be determined with the directly expressed consent of the people.

Advocates of representative democracy say referendums are used by politicians to avoid making difficult or controversial decisions.


[edit] Criticism of populist aspect
Critics of the referendum argue that voters in a referendum are more likely driven by transient whims than careful deliberation, or that they are not sufficiently informed to make decisions on complicated or technical issues. Voters might furthermore be swayed by strong personalities, or the adverse influence of propaganda or expensive advertising campaigns. James Madison argued that direct democracy is the "tyranny of the majority."

Some opposition to the referendum has arisen from its use by dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini who, it is argued, used the plebiscite to disguise oppressive policies in a veneer of populism. Hitler's use of the plebiscite is argued as reason why, since World War II, there has been no provision in Germany for the holding of referendums at the federal level.


[edit] Patten's criticism
British politician Chris Patten summarized many of the arguments used by those who oppose the referendum in an interview in 2003 when discussing the possibility of a referendum in the United Kingdom on the European Union Constitution:

I think referendums are awful. They were the favourite form of plebiscitary democracy of Mussolini and Hitler. They undermine Westminster [parliament]. What they ensure, as we saw in the last election, is if you have a referendum on an issue politicians, during an election campaign, say oh we're not going to talk about that, we don't need to talk about that, that's all for the referendum. So during the last election campaign the Euro was hardly debated. I think referendums are fundamentally anti-democratic in our system and I wouldn't have anything to do with them. On the whole, governments only concede them when governments are weak (BBC, 2004).

[edit] Never-end-um
A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue. This is especially a problem where a proposal may be difficult to reverse, such as secession from a larger country or the abolition of a monarchy. The repeated holding of a referendum on a single issue has been pejoratively referred to as a "never-end-um".

Many critics of the EU point to the Treaty of Nice's ratification procedure in Ireland, where the government submitted the Treaty to a referendum twice, getting the required "Yes" vote on the second attempt. However such critics fail to mention the neutrality clause added at the second referendum, which helped allay fears which led the electorate to vote "No" the first time.


[edit] Closed questions and the separability problem
Some critics of the referendum attack the use of closed questions. A difficulty which can plague a referendum of two issues or more is called the separability problem. If one issue is in fact, or in perception, related to another on the ballot, the imposed simultaneous voting of first preference on each issue can result in an outcome that is displeasing to most.


[edit] Undue limitations on regular government power
Several commentators have noted that the use of referenda to amend constitutions has so tied the government to a mishmash of popular demands as to render the government unworkable. The Economist has made this point about the State of California, which has passed so many referenda restricting the ability of the state government to tax the people and pass the budget that the state has become effectively ungovernable. Calls for an entirely new California constitution have been made. [5]


[edit] Sources
Interview with Chris Patten, EU Commissioner for External Affairs (2003). bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 13 Oct. 2004 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/2954232.stm.
Emerson, P J. Defining Democracy puts both two-option and multi-option referendums into their historical context, and suggests which are the more accurate measures of "the will of the people". The de Borda Institute is at http://www.deborda.org
Emerson Peter, Designing an All-Inclusive Democracy (Springer-Verlag, 2007), describes the Modified Borda Count (MBC), as well as the Quota Borda System (QBS) and the matrix vote.
The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation, statistics (German). http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/03/blank/key/stimmbeteiligung.html

[edit] See also
Direct democracy (history in the United States)
List of politics-related topics
Political science
Referendums related to the European Union
Initiative
Initiative and referendum
United Nations in Kashmir
Independence referendum

[edit] Specific referendums
National referendums on the
European Constitution
Czech Republic Cancelled
Denmark Postponed
France No (55% of 69%)
Ireland Cancelled
Luxembourg Yes (57% of 88%)
Netherlands No (62% of 63%)
Poland Postponed
Portugal Postponed
Spain Yes (77% of 42%)
United Kingdom Postponed
Parliamentary approvals
Arizona Proposition 204, 2006
Australian referendum, 1967 (Aboriginals)
Belfast Agreement (1998)
Bolivian gas referendum, 2004
Carinthian Plebiscite (1920)
Cypriot Annan Plan referendum, 2004
Edinburgh congestion charge (2005)
Kenyan constitutional referendum, 2005
Montenegrin independence referendum, 1992
Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006
Norwegian prohibition referendum, 1919
Norwegian continued prohibition referendum, 1926
Norwegian European Communities membership referendum, 1972
Norwegian European Union membership referendum, 1994
Panama Canal expansion referendum, 2006
Puerto Rico status referendums (1967, 1993, 1998)
Republic of China referendums
Serbian constitutional referendum, 2006
South African referendum, 1992
Tokelauan self-determination referendum, 2006
Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004
Referendums in Canada:

Alberta liquor plebiscite, 1957
British Columbia aboriginal treaty referendum, 2002
British Columbia electoral reform referendum, 2005
British Columbia electoral reform referendum, 2009
Charlottetown Accord
List of Northwest Territories plebiscites
Newfoundland referendums, 1948
Northwest Territories division plebiscite, 1982
Nunavut capital plebiscite, 1995
Ontario electoral reform referendum, 2007
Ontario prohibition plebiscite, 1894
Ontario prohibition referendum, 1902
Ontario prohibition referendum, 1919
Ontario prohibition referendum, 1921
Ontario prohibition referendum, 1924
Prince Edward Island electoral reform referendum, 2005
Quebec referendum, 1980
Quebec referendum, 1995
Saint John, New Brunswick ward plebiscite, 2007
Referendums in the United Kingdom:

Edinburgh congestion charge
United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, 1975
United Kingdom European Constitution referendum
Greater London Authority referendum, 1998
Northern England devolution referendums, 2004
Northern Ireland Belfast Agreement referendum, 1998
Northern Ireland sovereignty referendum, 1973
Scottish devolution referendum, 1979
Scottish devolution referendum, 1997
Welsh devolution referendum, 1979
Welsh devolution referendum, 1997
Referendums related to European Union accession:

Danish European Communities membership referendum, 1972
Norwegian European Communities membership referendum, 1972
Norwegian European Union membership referendum, 1994
Polish European Union membership referendum, 2003

[edit] References
This article is missing citations or needs footnotes. Please help add inline citations to guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies. (November 2008)

^ http://www.nzes.org
^ Right to vote in Ireland-Information from CitizensInformation.ie
^ Elections Ireland: Summary of Constitutional Referendums
^ source: Electoral Commission
^ "California: The ungovernable state", The Economist (London): 33-36, 16-22 May 2009
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum"
Categories: Referendums with unsourced statements from September 2007
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Thursday, June 18, 2009

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di Stefano Terzi

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LinkedinDiggFacebookMixxMySpaceYahoo! BuzzPermalinkBy ROBERT F. WORTH
Published: June 13, 2009
TEHRAN — The Iranian government declared an outright election victory for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on Saturday morning, and riot police officers fought with supporters of the opposition candidate, Mir Hussein Moussavi, who insisted that the election had been stolen.

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Supporters of the opposition candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi protested the results of the Iranian presidential election in Tehran on Saturday. More Photos »

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Iranian Protesters Fill Streets After Election Result
Related
The Lede: Landslide or Fraud? The Debate Online Over Iran’s Election Results (June 13, 2009)
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News Analysis: As Iran Votes, Talk of a Sea Change (June 12, 2009)
Times Topics: Iran
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Ebrahim Norouzi/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images, left; Newsha Tavakolian, via Polaris, for The New York Times
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran, left, and Mir Hussein Moussavi. More Photos >
After a mostly quiet morning in Tehran, Moussavi supporters began filtering onto the streets. By early afternoon, thousands had come together, many of them wearing the trademark green of his campaign, chanting angrily that they would fight on as Mr. Moussavi had urged them to do on Friday night when he claimed that he had won and that there had been voting “irregularities.”

“I am the absolute winner of the election by a very large margin,” Mr. Moussavi said during a news conference with reporters just after 11 p.m. Friday, adding: “It is our duty to defend people’s votes. There is no turning back.”

A statement posted on Mr. Moussavi’s Web site on Saturday morning urged his supporters to resist a "governance of lie and dictatorship," according to The Associated Press.

But the Iranian authorities, already on alert, moved quickly to head off any concerted street demonstrations. Thousands of police officers could be seen moving into central Tehran, wielding riot batons and charging straight into the biggest concentrations of protesters. It was unclear whether there were any serious injuries.

In recent days, Mr. Moussavi’s supporters were predicting a wide victory, citing voter surveys. And Mr. Ahmadinejad, the hard-line incumbent, had appeared on the defensive, hurling extraordinary accusations at some of the Islamic republic’s founding figures.

Iran’s Interior Ministry said Saturday that final results gave Mr. Ahmadinejad 62.6 percent of the vote, with Mr. Moussavi receiving 33.7 percent. The ministry says turnout was a record 85 percent of eligible voters.

Though there was no word of Mr. Moussavi’s whereabouts on Saturday, statements on his Web site made clear that he was contesting the official line.

"I’m warning that I won’t surrender to this manipulation," he said, adding that the election outcome “is nothing but shaking the pillars of the Islamic Republic of Iran sacred system and governance of lie and dictatorship."

He warned "people won’t respect those who take power through fraud" and said the decision to declare Mr. Ahmadinejad the winner was a "treason to the votes of the people."

The conflicting claims, coming after an extraordinary campaign that saw vast street demonstrations and vitriolic televised debates, seemed to undermine the public legitimacy of the vote and to threaten unrest.

The emotional campaign was widely seen as a referendum on Mr. Ahmadinejad’s divisive policies. It pitted Mr. Moussavi, a former prime minister who has pledged to move Iran away from confrontation with the West, combat economic stagnation and expand women’s rights, against Mr. Ahmadinejad’s economic populism, social conservatism, and hard-line foreign policy.

Many women, young people, intellectuals and members of the moderate clerical establishment backed Mr. Moussavi. Mr. Ahmadinejad drew passionate support from poor rural Iranians as well as conservatives.

At his news conference, Mr. Moussavi cited irregularities that included a shortage of ballots. He accused the government of shutting down Web sites, newspapers and text messaging services throughout the country, crippling the opposition’s ability to communicate during the voting.

Fraud has been a prominent concern for Mr. Moussavi’s campaign, with many of his allies warning that Mr. Ahmadinejad could use the levers of state — the military, the Revolutionary Guard, and the Basij militia — to cajole or intimidate voters, or even engage in outright fraud. In 2005, Mr. Karroubi, who is also a candidate in this election, accused the Basij of rigging the vote in Mr. Ahmadinejad’s favor.

At his news conference, Mr. Moussavi called on the country’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, to help the country reach a “favorable conclusion.”

Ayatollah Khamenei, who has final authority over affairs of state, appears to be the only figure who could mediate between the two camps in the event of an open confrontation over the legitimacy of the vote. But it is not clear how much he knows about the crisis, or what role he might play.

Mr. Khamenei met on Friday with Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, a cleric, former president and backer of Mr. Moussavi’s who had warned the supreme leader in an unusual open letter on Tuesday about the possibility of election fraud, according to a political analyst who spoke on condition of anonymity, citing the gravity of the situation.

While casting his ballot earlier in the day Friday, Ayatollah Khamenei had said that people were using texting to spread rumors, but it is unclear if that is why the services were shut down.

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Monday, June 15, 2009

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the alleged 750,000 deaths due to nuclear tests
of China's nuclear tests in China have caused a human disaster
Jun Takada The Japanese professor of Sapporo Medical University, denounces the numerous nuclear tests that China is conducting and the serious environmental impact that they producing areas in neighboring Asian country. On March 18, Professor Takada spoke of 46 nuclear tests that China has carried out from 1946 to 1996, allegedly causing the death of 750,000 civilians in neighboring areas.

Following the article in English

Professor Jun Takada condemns large-scale surface nuclear tests in China as Devil's conduct. Without Considering the hazardous impact on the surrounding area, China is the only country in the world that is carrying out these kinds of nuclear tests.
On March 18, Japanese professor Takada Jun revealed at a nuclear forum that the Chinese regime carried out 46 surface nuclear tests from 1964 to 1996, causing 750,000 civilian deaths in surrounding areas.

At the “Chinese Nuclear Test Disasters on the Silk Road and the Japanese Role” symposium, sponsored by the Japanese Uyghur Association, Dr. Takada Jun, a professor at the Sapporo Medical University and a representative of the Japanese Radiation Protection Information Center, revealed the disastrous problems of China’s nuclear tests. Dr. Takada said that the Chinese regime has never allowed any form of independent or outside environmental evaluation, analysis, or study of adverse affects on human health possibly cause by the tests.

Dr. Takada said that the 46 nuclear tests were carried out at the Lop Nur site in northwestern XinJiang Province, home of the Uyghur people. The tests had a cumulative yield of over 200 megatons. Though the area of the tests is sparsely populated, many cities on the ancient Silk Road trade route are downwind from Lop Nor and have been exposed to much nuclear fallout from the variety of tests conducted. Prior to 1981, the fallout from surface tests was a major contributor to an increase in the incidences of cancer and birth defects.

The professor also said that the largest surface detonation was a 4 megaton thermonuclear bomb, which was 10 times more powerful than the former Soviet Union’s large-scale tests. The fallout from the test allegedly caused an estimated 190,000 deaths and 1,290,000 suffered from radiation poisoning within an area 136 times the size of Tokyo. According to an inside source, 750,000 people allegedly died as a result.

Chinese nuclear tests began on Oct. 16, 1964, with the above ground detonation of a 20,000-ton bomb, followed by a two-megaton surface explosions in 1967. The largest was a four-megaton explosion on Nov. 17, 1976. China changed to doing atmospheric tests in 1980 and underground tests from 1982 to 1996.

Takada said China is the only country in the world that carries out these large-scale surface tests in living areas.

The Director of the Japanese Uyghur Association criticized the tests. “The former Soviet Union would carry out nuclear tests in an enclosed barb-wired area, but the Chinese regime didn’t even inform the local residents,” he said. “The victims included not only the Uyghur people, but also Han Chinese. The authorities disregarded any semblance of humanity and treated the people living there as lab rats.” He urged Japan, the first victim of nuclear weapons, to share the information with the rest of the world and help the victims.
Based on data he collected in Kazakhstan near the Chinese border and his research on affects of nuclear fallout, Professor Takada also evaluated the impact in the area and published his findings in a book. He won an award for his contributions.

The experience of Professor Tamio Kaneko, a historian who visited the Xinjiang area, also supports the story. An expert in Asian history, Tamio filled his house with ancient relics from central Asia. But he didn’t dare to bring back pebble samples in Lop Nur because they have hundreds or thousands of times more radiation than regular samples.

Kaneka recalled that while he was at the research site, his eyes watered profusely and bleed slightly. He also suffered from a sore throat and frequent nose bleeds. His tears won’t stop in the Spring because of the pollen, a residual effect of the radiation.

Takada expressed his concern and anger over highly promoted tourism on the Great Silk Road. Tourist sites are actually in the radiation area, making travel highly risky to innocent People, Especially Those Who visited before 1996.

Dili Mr. Anwar, a Uyghur exile living in England, Said, "China conducts nuclear tests not only for Itself, But Also Provides the testing site to Pakistan. We all know That Pakistan Nuclear Test Conducted at one week after India's test. In fact, Pakistan HAD Already tested twice in China before that. "

Epoch Times Staff March 31, 2009

This article 'was written Friday, April 3, 2009 and filed under Environmental disaster and noxious or fake news.
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